I wish + 가정법

• July 9, 2019
• English  
• Grammar  
• 가정법  
• 도치구문  

1. I wish + 가정법 과거

현재의 일을 반대로 가정하여 나타내거나 현재나 미래의 실현 불가능한 일을 소망하여 아타낼 때 씁니다.

1. I wish my father came home early.
   • I’m sorry that my father doesn’t come home early.
2. I wish Steve didn’t tell lies to his friends.
   • I’m sorry that Steve tells lies to his friends.
3. I wish I were not short.
   • I’m sorry that I’m short.
4. I wish you were here
   • I’m sorry that you aren’t here.
5. I wish I spoke English well.
   • I’m sorry that I don’t speak English well.

2. I wish + 가정법 과거완료

과거의 일을 반대로 가정하여 나타내거나 과거에 이루지 못한 일을 반대로 소망하여 나타낼 때 씁니다.

1. I wish I had visited you last summer.
   • I’m sorry that I didn’t visit you last summer.
2. I wish I hadn’t lost my passport.
   • I’m sorry that I lost my passport.
3. I wish I had not been late for school this morning.
   • I’m sorry that I was late for school this morning.
4. I wish I had gone to Holly wood to study acting.
   • I’m sorry that I didn’t go to Hollywood to study acting.
5. We wish she had been happy.
   • We are sorry she was not happy.
6. I wish we had taken the subway last night.
   • I’m sorry that we didn’t take the subway last night.
7. I wish I had done my homework last week.
   • I’m sorry that I didn’t my homework last week.
8. I wish I had subscribed Netflix.
   • I’m sorry that I didn’t subscribe Netflix.
9. I wish my family had visited Kwangmyeong cave.
   • I’m sorry that my family didn’t visit Kwangmyeong cave.
10. I wish I had completed this course last year.
    • I’m sorry that I didn’t complete this course last year.
      

3. as if + 가정법 과거: as if + 주어 + 동사 과거형

마치 ~인/하는 것처럼 의 의미로 현재 또는 미래의 사실과 반대되는 내용을 가정할 때 사용합니다.

1. Karen talks as if she were an expert in this field.
   • In fact, Karen is not an expert in this field.
2. Jake talks as if he knew Tom.
   • Actually, he doesn’t know Tom.
3. She looks as if nothing had happened.
   • In fact, something happened to her.
4. He talks as if he knew everything.
   • In fact, he doesn’t know everything.
5. He says as if he were rich.
   • In fact, he isn’t rich.
6. She looks at me as if she never saw me before.
   • In fact, she saw me before.
     

4. as if + 가정법 과거완료: as if + 주어 + had + 과거분사

마치 ~였던/했던 것처럼의 의미로, 과거 사실과 반대되는 내용을 가정할 때 사용합니다.

1. David acts as if we had not met last Sunday.
   • In fact, David and I met last Sunday.
2. Charlie seems as if he had had a nightmare last night.
   • In fact, Charlie didn’t have a nightmare last night.
3. He stood still as if he had been in a mine field.
   • In fact, he wasn’t in a mine field.
4. She looks at me as if she had never seen me before.
   • In fact, she saw me before.
5. She tells as if she had been a teacher.
   • In fact, she wasn’t a teacher.
     

5. if를 생략한 가정법

가정법 문장에서 if절의 동사가 were 또는 <had+과거분사>일 때 if를 생략하면 주어와 were/had를 도치시킵니다.

1. Were he your true friend, he would be here for you now.

   • If he were your true friend, he ~

2. Had I known about the photography contest, I would have entered this picture.

   • If I had known about the photography contest, I ~
     

6. Without/But for

1. Without/But for + 명사(구) + 가정법 과거: ~이 없다면의 의미로, If it were not for로 바꿔 쓸 수 있습니다.

1. If it were not for electricity, we would have to use candles.

   • Without electricity, we would have to use candles.
   • But for electricity, we would have to use candles. Were it not for electricity, we would have to use candles.
     

2. If it were not for your help, I couldn’t solve this problem.

   • Without your help, I couldn’t solve dthis problem.
   • But for your help, I couldn’t solve this problem.
   • Were it not for your help, I couldn’t solve this problem.
     

3. If it were not for cars, we would not be able to travel far away.

   • Without cars, we would not be able to travel far away.
   • But for cars, we would not be able to travel far away.
   • Were it not for cars, we would not be able to travel far away.

4. If it were not for trees, people would not be able to survive on the Earth.

   • Without trees, people would not be able to survive on the Earth.
   • But for trees, people would not be able to survive on the Earth.
   • Were it not for trees, people would not be able to survive on the Earth.

5. If it were not for money, I would not be able to buy a anything.

   • Without money, I would not be able to buy a anything.
   • But for money, I would not be able to buy a anything.
   • Were it not for money, I would not be able to buy a anything.
     

2. Without/But for + 명사(국) + 가정법 과거완료: ~이 없었더라면의 의미로, If it had not been for로 바꿔 쓸 수 있습니다.

1. If it had not been for their assistance, I couldn’t have found the solution.

   • Without their assistance, I couldn’t have found the solution.
   • But for their assistance, I couldn’t have found the solution.
   • Had it not been for their assistance, I couldn’t have found the solution.
     

2. If it had not been for your help, I couldn’t have solved this problem.

   • Without your help, I couldn’t have solved this problem.
   • But for your help, I couldn’t have solved this problem.
   • Had it not been for your help, I couldn’t have solved this problem.

3. If it had not been for cars, we wouldn’t have been able to travel far away.

   • Without cars, we wouldn’t have been able to travel far away.
   • But for cars, we wouldn’t have been able to travel far away.
   • Had it not been for cars, we wouldn’t have been able to travel far away.

4. If it had not been for trees, people wouldn’t have been able to survive on the Earth.

   • Without trees, people wouldn’t have been able to survive on the Earth.
   • But for trees, people wouldn’t have been able to survive on the Earth.
   • Had it not been for trees, people wouldn’t have been able to survive on the Earth.